Technical Report

Technical Reports were published between 1948 and 1954 to discuss ground water problems. They are of a technical nature and were published in limited editions.

This product is the compilation of following reports:

Item # TR-01: Technical Report 1: Ground Water Hydraulics as a Geophysical Aid 1948, J. G. Ferris, 1948.

The publication of the non-equilibrium formula in 1935 in a paper by Theis marked the opening of a new era in the analysis and understanding of the hydraulics of percolating ground waters. Through the past decade an ever-increasing number of engineers and geologists have become familiar-with the application of this formula to practical problems of ground-water flow and have tested it in the field, against precise observations, under controlled conditions. Although the highly idealized aquifer assumed for the derivation of this formula is not of widespread occurrence in the field, we gain increasing confidence in the use of the Theis method as our backlog of proven data accumulates. In many cases, careful study of these anomalous data will reveal the means for estimating the degree or manner in which an observed aquifer diverges from the idealized aquifer.

Item # TR-02: Technical Report 2: Ground-Water Problems of the Iron River District, Michigan, W. T. Stuart, 1948.

This report discusses the ground-water phenomena near Iron River, Michigan, the center of an iron-mining district which ships about 3 million tons of ore annually. The iron-formation of the district forms a poorly permeable sequence of beds about 150 feet thick included in other, nearly impermeable, formations of the Huronian series. A study of-the record of pumpage from the mines and from the glacial overburden indicates that the lowering of the water table in the Mineral Hills area has decreased the inflow into the mines, presumably by drying up the "ledge" or bedrock surface where the iron-formation meets it. A number of chemical analyses show (1) the water in the glacial overburden is a moderately mineralized calcium carbonate water, (2) the water entering the mines in considerable quantity is of similar character, but (3) that from drips and seeps, in lower levels is more highly mineralized and contains considerable quantities of sodium and/or calcium chloride.

Item # TR-03: Technical Report 3: Ground-Water investigations of the Marquette Iron-Mining District, Michigan; W. T. Stuart, 1954.

This report discusses the source, occurrence, and distribution of ground water on the Marquette iron bearing range of Michigan. The iron ore is mined from rocks of the Huronian series, consisting mainly of slates, graywackes, cherts, dolomites, conglomerates, schists, basic intrusives, and iron-formation. A number of chemical analyses show (1) that the water in the glacial overburden is a moderately mineralized calcium bicarbonate water, (2) the water entering the mines in considerable quantities is of similar character, but (3) that from the drips and seeps at lower levels is more highly mineralized, with sodium, sulfate, and chloride predominating.

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