Water Investigation Reports

Water Investigation reports are comparable to the series Report of Investigation with a focus on the geological aspects of water resources.

This product is the compilation of following reports:

Item # WIR-01: Water Investigation 01: Reconnaissance of the Ground-Water Resources of Alger County, Michigan, K. E. Vanlier, 1963.

Alger County county is underlain by deposits of unconsolidated clay, sand, and gravel of glacial origin, which mantle limestone, dolomite, and sandstone of Paleozoic age. Beds of glacial sand and gravel and various strata in the Paleozoic formations yield water to wells. Most of the county is underlain by several aquifers. The water is soft to very hard, but locally contains objectionable amounts of iron.

Item # WIR-02: Water Investigation 02: Ground-Water in Menominee County, K. E. Vanlier, 1963.

Although Menominee County has some water problems such as the sulfur odor from some wells, it has large undeveloped water supplies which could support a much larger economic and industrial base. The need for increased economic growth and development is demonstrated by the fact that the county has decreased slightly in population since 1940.

Item # WIR-03: Water Investigation 03: Water Resources of Van Buren County, Michigan, P. R. Giroux, 1964.

The water resources of Van Buren County include productive ground-water reservoirs, a network of perennial streams, about 60 major inland lakes, and Lake Michigan. The ground-water reservoirs in the glacial drift can provide several times the amount of water now used, but large withdrawals of ground water may lower the levels of nearby lakes or diminish the flow of nearby streams. Permeable soils and drift account for the relatively high base flows of streams in the southeastern two-thirds of the county.

Item # WIR-04: Water Investigation 04: Ground-Water Resources of the Battle Creek Area, Michigan, K. E. Vanlier, 1966.

The Battle Creek area covers about 54 square miles in the central part of the industrialized southern half of Michigan's Lower Peninsula. The two sources of ground water are the Marshall Formation and glacial drift. The Coldwater Shale, underlying the Marshall Formation and the glacial drift, is not a source of fresh water. Wells tapping the Marshall Formation at Battle Creek's Verona Station in the central business and industrial area, and the Battle Creek Township well field, produce most of the water used in the area. The chief problem caused by water development to date (1964) has been the gradual increase in iron content of water at the Verona Station.

Item # WIR-05: Water Investigation 05: Ground-Water Resources of Dickinson County, Michigan, G. E. Hendrickson, C. J. Doonan, 1966.

Dickinson County has abundant, though unevenly distributed, ground-water resources that are little used at present. This report summarizes data on representative wells within the county and describes the geologic and hydrologic relationships. Well data are relatively abundant in the towns and along the major roads of the county, but sparse elsewhere. The description of the occurrence of ground water and the maps showing availability of ground water, therefore, are based largely on geologic information.

Item # WIR-06: Water Investigation 06: Water Resources of Branch County, Michigan, P. R. Giroux, 1966.

Branch County has abundant water resources throughout most of its area. Almost all the water used is supplied by wells that obtain water from glacial drift deposits and locally from fractures and sandy beds in the Coldwater Shale. Glacial drift in buried bedrock valleys may yield large quantities of water to wells. Well yields are generally adequate for domestic and farm supplies. Properly developed large-diameter wells tapping thick beds of sand and gravel of the glacial drift can yield up to several thousands of gallons per minute locally.

Item # WIR-07: Water Investigation 07: Ground Water in Iron County, Michigan, C. J. Doonan, G. E. Hendrickson, 1968.

The ground-water resources of Iron County are unevenly distributed but adequate for present needs. Wells yielding several hundred gallons per minute can be developed in glacial outwash areas along streams. On the other hand, in upland areas, a well yielding only a few gallons per minute may be difficult to develop. Most well water in the county is moderately hard to hard, and some areas contain objectionable amounts of iron. Maps showing data-collection sites and glacial deposits are included.

Item # WIR-08: Water Investigation 08: Ground Water in Gogebic County, Michigan, C. J. Doonan, G. E. Hendrickson, 1968.

Ground-water resources of Gogebic County may be inadequate in some parts of the county to meet the needs of expanding population and industry. Well yields of several hundred gallons per minute can be developed in some areas. In other areas, however, the relatively small amount needed for a household is difficult or impossible to obtain. Water from most wells and springs is moderately hard, and some wells and springs yield water containing objectionable amounts of iron.

Item # WIR-09: Water Investigation 09: Ground Water in Ontonagon County, Michigan, C. J. Doonan, G. E.Hendrickson, 1969.

Most wells in Ontonagon County obtain water from glacial lake beds or from bedrock. Deposits of glacial till and outwash also yield water to domestic wells in a few parts of the county. The lake beds supply enough water for domestic use to many wells, but more than half of the wells in the county are drilled into bedrock to obtain a satisfactory supply. Wells yielding large supplies of several hundred gallons per minute are unknown in this county. Water from most wells is hard to very hard, and many wells yield water that contains objectionable amounts of iron.

Item # WIR-10: Water Investigation 10: Ground Water and Geology of Keweenaw Peninsula, Michigan, C. J. Doonan, 1970.

Most wells in Houghton and Keweenaw Counties yield only enough water for a domestic supply, but a few yield several hundred gallons per minute. Bedrock aquifers supply most of the wells in Keweenaw County and about half the wells in Houghton County. Other wells are supplied by glacial aquifers chiefly beds of sand and gravel in lakebeds and morainal deposits. All wells yielding more than 100 gallons per minute are in glacial deposits. The water from most wells is satisfactory for domestic use, but many wells produce water with troublesome amounts of iron. Water that is too salty for drinking is obtained from a few of the deeper bedrock wells.

Item # WIR-11: Water Investigation 11: Ground Water and Geology of Baraga County, Michigan, C. J. Doonan, J.R. Byerlay, 1973.

Most wells in Baraga County obtain water from beds of sand and gravel in morainal and lakebed deposits or from the Jacobsville Sandstone. Yields of wells range from a few to as much as 115 gallons per minute, but most wells probably yield less than 10 gpm. Large areas, where igneous and metamorphic rocks crop out or are covered only by thin drift, are unfavorable for obtaining enough ground water for even a domestic supply. Quality of water from most wells is satisfactory, although most water supplies are hard and some are high in iron content. Some of the deeper wells in the Jacobsville Sandstone may yield salty water. Most large public water supplies are obtained from Lake Superior.

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